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Conditions We Treat

Skin Infections

At Livingstone Dermatology, we understand that your skin is a reflection of your health and well-being. We are committed to the latest advancements in dermatological science, and dedicated to providing you with quality care.

Overview

Skin infections develop when bacteria, viruses, or fungi enter the skin and trigger inflammation, discomfort, or visible changes. In many cases, these infections are mild and respond well to treatment, but even small or early signs should not be dismissed. Seeking timely medical care helps ease symptoms more quickly, lowers the chance of complications, and prevents the infection from spreading to others.

Certain circumstances can make skin infections more likely. Hot and humid environments provide ideal conditions for microbes to thrive. Breaks in the skin, such as cuts, grazes, or areas affected by existing conditions, give germs an opportunity to enter. Crowded or shared spaces, including schools, sports facilities, or childcare centres, also increase the risk of passing infections from one person to another.

skin infections Singapore.
Skin infections can appear as redness, blisters, sores, or rashes anywhere on the body.

Where can Skin Infections appear?

The infections can appear on almost any part of the body, though some areas are more frequently affected depending on the cause and individual risk factors. Common sites include:

  • Face and scalp – Conditions such as impetigo, ringworm (tinea capitis), and folliculitis often occur here, particularly in children.
  • Hands and feet – The warm, moist spaces between fingers and toes make fungal infections more likely, while cuts or scrapes can allow bacteria to take hold.
  • Armpits, groin, and under the breasts – These folds of skin are prone to yeast infections like candidiasis, as friction and trapped moisture create a favourable environment.
  • Trunk and limbs – Cellulitis, abscesses, and viral rashes such as shingles may develop on the arms, legs, or torso.
  • Genital region – Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can affect this sensitive area.
  • Areas with skin breaks or folds – Even minor cuts, surgical wounds, or natural folds in the skin can serve as entry points for bacteria and fungi, raising the risk of infection.

What causes Skin Infections?

The skin is the body’s largest organ and serves as a vital barrier against harmful microbes. Normally, it protects us effectively from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Infections can occur when these pathogens find a way in, often through hair follicles or breaks in the skin caused by cuts, scrapes, burns, insect bites, or other injuries.

Several factors can increase the likelihood of a skin infection, including:

  • Chronic skin conditions – such as eczema, which can weaken the skin’s natural barrier.
  • Excessive sweating or prolonged moisture – creating an environment where microbes can thrive.
  • Exposure to irritants or harsh chemicals – which can damage the skin’s defenses and make it more vulnerable.
  • Poor hygiene – allowing bacteria or fungi to accumulate on the skin.
  • A weakened immune system – from chronic illness, certain medications, or ageing, which can make it harder for the body to fight off infections.
what causes skin infection.
Eczema can damage the skin’s protective barrier, making it easier for bacteria and other microbes to enter and cause infections.

What are the common types of Skin Infections?

The types of infections can be grouped based on the type of germ causing them. Each type brings its own set of signs, symptoms, and quirks, but all share one thing in common: they happen when harmful microorganisms find a way past our skin’s natural barrier.

Some of the common skin infections include:

  • Cellulitis – this is a deeper infection that makes the skin red, swollen, and tender. People with cuts, eczema, or wounds are more likely to get it. The main bacteria behind cellulitis include Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, including MRSA strains.
  • Folliculitis – when hair follicles get inflamed, it shows up as tiny red bumps or pus-filled spots around hair roots. It is most often caused by bacteria like S. aureus, and it can appear anywhere the hair grows.
  • Impetigo – often called the “sticky” skin infection, it mostly affects young children. It appears as red sores or blisters that can ooze and form golden crusts. The usual culprits are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus bacteria.
  • Skin abscesses – these are painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin. Bacteria are usually the cause, and sometimes the abscess needs to be drained by a medical practitioner.
  • Necrotising fasciitis – a rare but extremely serious infection, sometimes called “flesh-eating disease.” It spreads rapidly, destroying tissues and muscles, and requires emergency medical attention. Multiple bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, can be involved.
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) – HSV can cause clusters of painful blisters around the mouth, genitals, or fingers. The blisters eventually burst and crust over. HSV-1 usually affects the mouth, while HSV-2 often affects the genital area.
  • Varicella Zoster Virus – this virus is responsible for chickenpox in children and shingles in adults. After chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in nerves and reactivate years later, causing a painful, blistering rash.
  • Warts – these are rough, bumpy skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear anywhere, spread by skin-to-skin contact, and sometimes through surfaces like gym mats or towels.
  • Candida Infections – caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, these infections affect warm, moist areas such as the armpits, groin, or under the breasts. Around the mouth, it is called thrush.
  • Sporotrichosis – known as “rose gardener’s disease,” this occurs when fungus from soil or plants enters small cuts. It usually shows up as bumps along the skin, often on the hands or arms.
  • Tinea (Ringworm) – despite the name, this fungal infection has nothing to do with worms. It can affect the body, scalp, feet, or nails, showing as red, itchy, ring-shaped rashes. Common fungi include Trichophyton and Microsporum.
  • Cutaneous Larva Migrans – also called “creeping eruption,” this happens when hookworm larvae enter the skin, often from contaminated soil or sand. It creates winding, itchy trails as the larvae move under the skin.
  • Lice – tiny insects that feed on human blood. Head lice cling to hair, while body lice live in clothing. They spread through close contact but not through pets.
  • Scabies – caused by tiny mites burrowing into the skin, scabies produces intense itching and rash. It spreads easily through prolonged skin contact.

What are the symptoms of Skin Infections?

While the symptoms of skin infections vary with the infectious agent that causes the lesion, some of the common signs are:

symptoms of skin infection.
Common signs and symptoms of skin infections include itching, redness, and a warm sensation.
diagnosing skin infection.
A dermatologist will be able to diagnose a skin infection, including the type, through a physical examination.

Anyone can develop an infection, but certain individuals are more vulnerable due to factors that weaken the body’s natural defences. Most of the time, the immune system can fend off minor infections, yet specific conditions or circumstances can make it easier for pathogens to take hold.

Some of the groups that are more susceptible to contracting skin infections include:

  • Elderly people – ageing naturally weakens the immune system, making older adults more vulnerable to skin infections.
  • Young children – children have developing immune systems, which can make them more susceptible. Those attending childcare or spending time outdoors may also face higher exposure to germs.
  • Immunocompromised individuals – people with weakened immune systems, whether due to HIV, cancer, diabetes, or genetic conditions, may find it harder to fight off infections.
  • People taking immunosuppressants – medications that suppress the immune system, often prescribed for autoimmune disorders or after organ transplants, can reduce the body’s natural defence against infections.
  • Diabetes – people with diabetes may be more prone to infections, including yeast infections like candidiasis, because the body can struggle with wound healing and controlling microbial growth.
  • Obesity – extra skin folds can create warm, moist areas prone to friction, increasing the risk of bacterial and fungal infections.

Once a skin infection is suspected, our dermatologist will usually begin with an in-office assessment. The exact approach depends on the type of infection, its severity, and your symptoms. Common methods include:

  • Physical examination – our dermatologist can often identify the infection just by looking at the skin. They may also ask about other symptoms, such as fever, pain, or itchiness, to help narrow down the cause.
  • Skin swabs – a small sample of the affected area may be collected to test for bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These samples can be analysed using cultures, PCR (genetic testing), or other lab techniques.
  • Skin biopsy – this involves removing a tiny piece of skin for laboratory examination. It helps confirm the infection and rule out other skin conditions that may look similar.
  • Blood tests – these are usually reserved for more serious infections or when there’s concern that the infection has spread into the bloodstream.

Depending on the suspected pathogen, our dermatologist may also order more specific tests, such as:

  • Antibiotic sensitivity tests – determine which antibiotics are effective against the bacteria. Small discs containing antibiotics are placed on a culture; if a clear zone forms around a disc, that antibiotic is likely to work.
  • Antigen tests – detect proteins from viruses or bacteria, providing a quick way to confirm the presence of a specific pathogen.
  • Culture tests – samples from the skin are grown in nutrient-rich media to identify the bacteria or fungus causing the infection. Different growth patterns reveal the type of pathogen.
  • Gram staining – a quick test that categorises bacteria, helping doctors choose the most effective antibiotics.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – PCR amplifies the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a pathogen to detect even small amounts. Fewer cycles needed indicate a higher pathogen load, while no detection after a set number of cycles usually means the test is negative.

After a diagnosis is made, the treatment focuses on targeting the specific microbe responsible for the infection. The approach depends on the type, severity, and location of the infection. But it generally involves:

  • Topical treatments – mild infections are often managed with creams or ointments containing antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. The choice of medication depends on the pathogen, making an accurate assessment by our dermatologist essential for effective treatment.
  • Oral medications – more severe infections may require oral antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungal tablets to help the body fight the infection from within.
  • Intravenous treatments – serious infections that do not respond to topical or oral therapy may need medications delivered directly into the bloodstream for faster and stronger effects.
  • Lifestyle and hygiene measures – proper hygiene is key to treating and preventing skin infections. Simple habits like keeping the skin clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and making healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of recurrence. Our dermatologists can provide personalised guidance to help patients maintain healthy skin.

Summary

At Livingstone Dermatology, we prioritise treating skin infections promptly and effectively. Proper treatment not only clears the infection but also reduces the risk of complications and prevents it from spreading to others. Early medical care is key to a safe and speedy recovery.

Protect your skin and overall health by consulting a qualified dermatologist if you notice unusual rashes, redness, or sores. Our team provides accurate diagnoses and personalised treatment plans tailored to your needs. So, call us today to schedule an appointment and safeguard your health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are skin infections contagious?

Many skin infections can spread through direct contact with an infected area, contaminated objects, or shared personal items. Practising good hygiene and avoiding sharing towels, clothing, or grooming tools can help prevent transmission.

Yes, some infections may recur, especially if the underlying cause is not addressed. These include poor hygiene, friction in skin folds, or a weakened immune system. Following our dermatologist’s advice and preventive measures can reduce the risk of recurrence.

Healing time varies depending on the type of infection and its severity. Mild infections may improve within a few days of treatment, while deeper or more serious infections can take weeks and may require ongoing monitoring.

Some mild infections may benefit from supportive home care, such as keeping the area clean and dry. However, most infections require medical evaluation and targeted treatment to prevent complications or spread. Avoid self-medicating with antibiotics or antifungals without a dermatologist’s guidance.

Preventive measures include:

  • Maintaining good personal hygiene
  • Keeping skin dry
  • Avoiding sharing personal items
  • Promptly treating cuts, scrapes, or rashes

For those with underlying conditions like diabetes or eczema, extra care is needed to protect the skin barrier.

Untreated skin infections can worsen over time and sometimes lead to serious health issues. Potential complications include:

  • Spread to deeper tissues – infection can reach the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, or muscles
  • Systemic infection – in severe cases, bacteria can enter the bloodstream, causing sepsis
  • Chronic or recurrent infections – infections may persist or return if the underlying cause isn’t addressed
  • Scarring or skin damage – some infections can leave permanent marks or discolouration
  • Organ involvement – rarely, untreated infections may affect other organs if the pathogen spreads

Ready to take the first step towards skin infection diagnosis and treatment?

Schedule a consultation with Livingstone Dermatology today.
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